Public:Applications: Difference between revisions

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The RWRC (Radar warning receiver<ref>Wikipedia, [[wikipedia:Radar_warning_receiver|"Radar warning receiver"]]</ref> control) app allows to use the mode of detecting exposure from air defense radars and counter-battery radars<ref name=":5">Wikipedia, [[wikipedia:Counter-battery_radar|"Counter-battery radar"]]</ref>, displays on the screen in a window with an IFF navigation grid and / or a NAV map the location of these radars. It is indispensable when performing tactical tasks of mortar and artillery fire in order to have time to change position in case of detection.

[[File:Waves and frequency ranges used by radar.png|none|thumb|950x950px|Waves and frequency ranges used by radar]]

[[File:Waves and frequency ranges used by radar.png|none|thumb|950x950px|Waves and frequency ranges used by radar<ref>Radar Tutorial, [https://www.radartutorial.eu/07.waves/Waves%20and%20Frequency%20Ranges.en.html#:~:text=The%20frequencies%20of%20radar%20sets,130%2C000%2C000%2C000%20oscillations%20per%20second!). Waves and Frequency Ranges]</ref>]]

[[File:Radar Tutorial-1.png~~|thumb~~|Radar Tutorial]]

[[File:Radar Tutorial-1.png|Radar Tutorial|right|frameless|700x700px]]

'''Radar Bands'''

'''''HF (3-30 MHz) and VHF (30-300 MHz) band / NATO RF A-band'''''

These radar bands 3-30 MHz (λ 100-10 m) and 30-300 MHz (λ 10-1 m) have a long tradition, as the first radar sets were developed here before and during the 2nd World War. The frequency range corresponded to the high-frequency technologies mastered at that time. Later, they were used for early warning radars of extremely long-range, so-called Over The Horizont (OTH) radars. Since the accuracy of angle determination and the angular resolution depends on the ratio of wavelength to antenna size, these radars cannot meet high accuracy requirements. The antennas of these radar sets are nevertheless extremely large and can even be several kilometers long. Here special abnormal propagation conditions act, which increase the range of the radar again at the expense of the accuracy. Since these frequency bands are densely occupied by communication radio services, the bandwidth of these radar sets is relatively small.<pre>

VHF low TV: ƒ 54-88 MHz λ 555-340 cm

FM radio: ƒ 88-108 MHz (76-90 MHz in Japan) λ 340-278 cm

VHF high TV: ƒ 174-216 MHz λ 172-139 cm

UHF TV: ƒ 470-806 MHz λ 64-37 cm

</pre>These frequency bands are currently experiencing a comeback, while the actually used Stealth technologies don't have the desired effect at extremely low frequencies.

'''''UHF band (300-1000 MHz) / NATO RF B- and C-band'''''

For this frequency band UHF 300-1000 MHz (λ 100-30 cm), specialized radar sets have been developed which are used as military early warning radar, for example for the Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS), or as wind profilers in weather observation. These frequencies are damped only very slightly by weather phenomena and thus allow a long-range.

Newer methods, so-called ultrawideband (Ultrawideband, UWB) radars, transmit with very low pulse power from the A to the C band (HF, VHF, UHF) and are mostly used for technical material investigation or partly in archaeology as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR).

[[File:MEADS Surveillance Radar 0563a.jpg|thumb|MEADS]]

'''L band (1-2 GHz) ''/ NATO RF D-band'''''

This range 1-2 GHz, λ 30-15 cm is ideally suited for modern long-range air surveillance radars up to a range of 250 nautical miles (≈400 km). Relatively low interference from civil radio communication services enables broadband radiation with very high power. They transmit pulses with high power, wide bandwidth and an intrapulse modulation to achieve even longer ranges. Due to the curvature of the earth, however, the range that can be practically achieved with these radar sets is much smaller at low altitudes, since these targets are then obscured by the radar horizon.

In this frequency band the En-Route Radars or Air Route Surveillance Radars (ARSR) work for air traffic control. In conjunction with a Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar (MSSR), these radars operate with a relatively large, slowly rotating antenna. (L-band: like large antenna and long-range). The designator L-Band is good as mnemonic rhyme as large antenna or long range.

'''S band (2-4 GHz) ''/ NATO RF E- and F-band'''''

In the frequency band from 2 to 4 GHz, λ 150-75 mm the atmospheric attenuation is higher than in the D-band. Radar sets require a much higher pulse power to achieve long-ranges. An example is the older one military Medium Power Radar (MPR) with up to 20 MW pulse power. In this frequency band, considerable impairments due to weather phenomena are already beginning to occur. Therefore a couple of weather radars work in E/F-Band but more in subtropic and tropic climatic conditions, because here the radar can see beyond a severe storm.

Special Airport Surveillance Radars (ASR) are used at airports to detect and display the position of aircraft in the terminal area with a medium range up to 50 … 60 NM (≈100 km). An ASR detects aircraft position and weather conditions in the vicinity of civilian and military airfields. The designator S-Band is good as mnemonic rhyme as smaller antenna or shorter range (contrary to L-Band).

[[File:Counter-battery radar.svg|thumb|Counter-battery radar]]

'''C band (4-8 GHz) ''/ NATO RF G- and H-band'''''

For this frequency band from 4 to 8 GHz, λ 75-37 mm mobile military battlefield radars with short and medium range are used. The antennas are small enough to be quickly installed with high precision for weapon control. The influence of weather phenomena is very large, which is why military radar sets are usually equipped with antennas with circular polarization. In this frequency range, most weather radars are also used for moderate climates.

'''X (8-12 GHz) and Ku (12-18 GHz) ''/ NATO RF I- and J-band'''''

Between 8 and 12 GHz, λ 37-25 mm and 12-18 GHz, λ 25-17 mm, the ratio of wavelength to antenna size has a more favorable value. With relatively small antennas, sufficient angular accuracy can be achieved, which favours military use as airborne radar. On the other hand, the antennas of missile control radar systems, which are very large relative to the wavelength, are still handy enough to be considered as deployable.

This frequency band is mainly used in civil and military applications for maritime navigation radar systems. Small cheap and fast rotating antennas offer sufficient ranges with very good precision. The antennas can be constructed as simple slot radiators or patch antennas.

This frequency band is also popular for space borne or airborne imaging radars based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) both for military electronic intelligence and civil geographic mapping. A special application of the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is the monitoring of the oceans to prevent environmental pollution.

[[File:Hun-nasams2.jpg|thumb]]

'''K (18-27 GHz) and Ka (27-40 GHz) ''/ NATO RF K-band'''''

As the emitted frequency increases from 18 to 27 GHz, λ 17-11 mm and 27-40 GHz, λ 11-7.5 mm, the attenuation in the atmosphere increases but the possible accuracy and range resolution increases too. Large ranges can no longer be achieved. Radar applications in this frequency range are, for example, airfield surveillance radar, also known as Surface Movement Radar (SMR) or (as part of) Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE). With extremely short pulses of a few nanoseconds, an excellent range resolution is achieved so that the contours of aircraft and vehicles can be seen on the display.

'''V (40-75 GHz) ''/ NATO RF L-band'''''

Due to molecular scattering of the atmosphere the electromagnetic waves suffer a very strong attenuation. Radar applications are limited to a range of a few ten meters.

'''W (75-110 GHz) ''/ NATO RF M-band'''''

Two phenomena of atmospheric attenuation can be observed here. A maximum of attenuation at about 75 GHz and a relative minimum at about 96 GHz. Both frequencies are used practically. At about 75 to 76 GHz, short-range radar sets are used in automotive engineering as parking aids, brake assist systems and automatic accident avoidance. This high attenuation through molecular scattering (here through the oxygen molecule O<sub>2</sub>) prevents mutual interference through mass use of these radar sets.

There are radar sets operating at 96 to 98 GHz as laboratory equipments yet. These applications give a preview for a use of radar in extremely higher frequencies as 100 GHz.

'''D (110-170 GHz) and Y (170-260 GHz) ''/ NATO RF N- and O-band'''''

In the 122 GHz range there is another ISM band for measurement applications. Since in high-frequency technology the Terahertz range is defined from 100 GHz = 0,1 THz to 300 GHz, the industry offers radar modules for this frequency range as “Terahertz radar”. These Terahertz radar modules are used, for example, in so-called full-body scanners. Full-body scanners take advantage of the fact that although these Terahertz frequencies can easily penetrate dry and non-conductive substances, they cannot penetrate the skin deeper than just a few millimeters due to the moisture of the human skin.

'''Conclusion'''

Of primary interest for the development of RWRC (Radar warning receiver control) technology is the C-band (NATO G/H-band, 4-8 GHz), where many military mobile radars (battlefield surveillance, weapons control and ground reconnaissance) with short and medium ranges traditionally operate. As passive radar technology evolves, using illumination on broadcast radio frequencies<ref>Wikipedia, [[wikipedia:Broadcast_band|Broadcast band]], [[wikipedia:Pan-American_television_frequencies#Terrestrial_television|Pan-American television frequencies]]</ref> and friendly or enemy radar illumination for frequencies in the NATO D-, E-, F-band (1-4 GHz), the existing technology will not require significant changes because it is initially based on the ultrawideband 2MHz - 8GHz (Ultrawideband, UWB).

The use of the 8-40 GHz NATO I-, J-, K-band requires an upgrade or optional helmet-mounted modules to be connected to the device. The 25-60 GHz range of miniaturized sensors is developing very rapidly as these technologies are actively used in the automotive industry. We can envision various infantry, artillery, and light armored units using a low power pulsed irradiator mounted on a robot or drone that provides human-safe illumination in this range at a range of less than one nautical mile for all friendly forces operating in the area. This will allow us to have dozens or hundreds of mobile personal antennas in different localizations and recognize numerous metallic / water and animal objects, even small ones, and then use machine learning patterns to identify what is detected. This will include identifying friendly forces (on the IFF navigation grid) that are in radio silence (snipers, spotters, cavalry scouts, recon and cover forces).<gallery widths="238">

File:Radar Sensors-1.png|Radar Sensors 12-60GHz

File:Radar Sensors-2.png|Radar Sensors 25-60GHz

File:Radar Sensors-3.png|Radar Sensors 25-60GHz

File:Radar Sensors-4.png|Radar Sensors 25-60GHz

</gallery>'''How it works'''

Built-in SDRS function will scan and analyze RF bands in the range of 2 MHz to 8 GHz and thus detect the threat of radar exposure. A software-defined antenna (SDA) capable of interrogating the RF spectrum in the form of several beams simultaneously with a narrow radiation pattern in the form of a dome with high frequency and receiving radio wave at several reception points, fixing the detection angle (phase offsets). After that the triangulation calculation allows to localize the location of a metallic object that reflected the received wave. Several points of reflection from this object already allow to estimate its silhouette, and Doppler radar measure allows to estimate speed and direction of motion.

ВСТАВИТЬ КАРТИНКУ ИНТЕРФЕЙСА

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*in integration with a passive analog omnidirectional antenna tuned to the frequency bands of the radar allows you to detect the impulse signal of the radar

*integrated with the IMSG and TSK app for fast response to threats

*integrated with the [[Public:Applications#IMSG (Instant messaging system)|IMSG]] and [[Public:Applications#TSK (Tasks)|TSK]] app for fast response to threats

*in integration with the ANTC - SDA app allows to use up to 24 beams of radio waves with different beam angles (deflection angle 16-2°), for primary detection, clarification and for amplifying the received radar signal

*in integration with the [[Public:Applications#ANTC (Antennas control)|ANTC]] - [[Public:Applications#SDA (Software Defined Antenna)|SDA]] app allows to use up to 24 beams of radio waves with different beam angles (deflection angle 16-2°), for primary detection, clarification and for amplifying the received radar signal

*in integration with the SDRS app allows to identify radar signals by the type of radio signal sources

*in integration with the [[Public:Applications#SDRS (SDR Scan)|SDRS]] app allows to identify radar signals by the type of radio signal sources

*in integration with the RDF app allows to dynamically calculate the distance, azimuth, elevation, speed and destination course of the detected radars

*in integration with the [[Public:Applications#RDF (Radio direction finding control)|RDF]] app allows to dynamically calculate the distance, azimuth, elevation, speed and destination course of the detected radars

*in integration with the IFF app allows to display on the navigation grid in different viewpoints of the radar on the plan, frontal and side sections

*in integration with the [[Public:Applications#IFF (IFF control)|IFF]] app allows to display on the navigation grid in different viewpoints of the radar on the plan, frontal and side sections

*in integration with the CMPS app, it helps to focus the line of sight on the detected radar (if it is in the field of view)

*in integration with the [[Public:Applications#CMPS (Compass)|CMPS]] app, it helps to focus the line of sight on the detected radar (if it is in the field of view)

*can be used as a complement to passive radar (PCSR) when enemy radars are used as an irradiator

*can be used as a complement to passive radar ([[Public:Applications#PCSR (Passive covert radar control)|PCSR]]) when enemy radars are used as an irradiator

*does not emit radiation during operation

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@@ Line 3,285: / Line 3,271: @@
 The RWRC (Radar warning receiver<ref>Wikipedia, [[wikipedia:Radar_warning_receiver|"Radar warning receiver"]]</ref> control) app allows to use the mode of detecting exposure from air defense radars and counter-battery radars<ref name=":5">Wikipedia, [[wikipedia:Counter-battery_radar|"Counter-battery radar"]]</ref>, displays on the screen in a window with an IFF navigation grid and / or a NAV map the location of these radars. It is indispensable when performing tactical tasks of mortar and artillery fire in order to have time to change position in case of detection.
-[[File:Waves and frequency ranges used by radar.png|none|thumb|950x950px|Waves and frequency ranges used by radar]]
+[[File:Waves and frequency ranges used by radar.png|none|thumb|950x950px|Waves and frequency ranges used by radar<ref>Radar Tutorial, [https://www.radartutorial.eu/07.waves/Waves%20and%20Frequency%20Ranges.en.html#:~:text=The%20frequencies%20of%20radar%20sets,130%2C000%2C000%2C000%20oscillations%20per%20second!). Waves and Frequency Ranges]</ref>]]
-[[File:Radar Tutorial-1.png|thumb|Radar Tutorial]]
+[[File:Radar Tutorial-1.png|Radar Tutorial|right|frameless|700x700px]]
 '''Radar Bands'''
+'''''HF (3-30 MHz) and VHF (30-300 MHz) band / NATO RF A-band'''''
+These radar bands 3-30 MHz (λ 100-10 m) and 30-300 MHz (λ 10-1 m) have a long tradition, as the first radar sets were developed here before and during the 2nd World War. The frequency range corresponded to the high-frequency technologies mastered at that time. Later, they were used for early warning radars of extremely long-range, so-called Over The Horizont (OTH) radars. Since the accuracy of angle determination and the angular resolution depends on the ratio of wavelength to antenna size, these radars cannot meet high accuracy requirements. The antennas of these radar sets are nevertheless extremely large and can even be several kilometers long. Here special abnormal propagation conditions act, which increase the range of the radar again at the expense of the accuracy. Since these frequency bands are densely occupied by communication radio services, the bandwidth of these radar sets is relatively small.<pre>
+VHF low TV: ƒ 54-88 MHz λ 555-340 cm
+FM radio: ƒ 88-108 MHz (76-90 MHz in Japan) λ 340-278 cm
+VHF high TV: ƒ 174-216 MHz λ 172-139 cm
+UHF TV: ƒ 470-806 MHz λ 64-37 cm
+</pre>These frequency bands are currently experiencing a comeback, while the actually used Stealth technologies don't have the desired effect at extremely low frequencies.
+'''''UHF band (300-1000 MHz) / NATO RF B- and C-band'''''
+For this frequency band UHF 300-1000 MHz (λ 100-30 cm), specialized radar sets have been developed which are used as military early warning radar, for example for the Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS), or as wind profilers in weather observation. These frequencies are damped only very slightly by weather phenomena and thus allow a long-range.
+Newer methods, so-called ultrawideband (Ultrawideband, UWB) radars, transmit with very low pulse power from the A to the C band (HF, VHF, UHF) and are mostly used for technical material investigation or partly in archaeology as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR).
+[[File:MEADS Surveillance Radar 0563a.jpg|thumb|MEADS]]
+'''L band (1-2 GHz) ''/ NATO RF D-band'''''
+This range 1-2 GHz, λ 30-15 cm is ideally suited for modern long-range air surveillance radars up to a range of 250 nautical miles (≈400 km). Relatively low interference from civil radio communication services enables broadband radiation with very high power. They transmit pulses with high power, wide bandwidth and an intrapulse modulation to achieve even longer ranges. Due to the curvature of the earth, however, the range that can be practically achieved with these radar sets is much smaller at low altitudes, since these targets are then obscured by the radar horizon.
+In this frequency band the En-Route Radars or Air Route Surveillance Radars (ARSR) work for air traffic control. In conjunction with a Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar (MSSR), these radars operate with a relatively large, slowly rotating antenna. (L-band: like large antenna and long-range). The designator L-Band is good as mnemonic rhyme as large antenna or long range.
+'''S band (2-4 GHz) ''/ NATO RF E- and F-band'''''
+In the frequency band from 2 to 4 GHz, λ 150-75 mm the atmospheric attenuation is higher than in the D-band. Radar sets require a much higher pulse power to achieve long-ranges. An example is the older one military Medium Power Radar (MPR) with up to 20 MW pulse power. In this frequency band, considerable impairments due to weather phenomena are already beginning to occur. Therefore a couple of weather radars work in E/F-Band but more in subtropic and tropic climatic conditions, because here the radar can see beyond a severe storm.
+Special Airport Surveillance Radars (ASR) are used at airports to detect and display the position of aircraft in the terminal area with a medium range up to 50 … 60 NM (≈100 km). An ASR detects aircraft position and weather conditions in the vicinity of civilian and military airfields. The designator S-Band is good as mnemonic rhyme as smaller antenna or shorter range (contrary to L-Band).
+[[File:Counter-battery radar.svg|thumb|Counter-battery radar]]
+'''C band (4-8 GHz) ''/ NATO RF G- and H-band'''''
+For this frequency band from 4 to 8 GHz, λ 75-37 mm mobile military battlefield radars with short and medium range are used. The antennas are small enough to be quickly installed with high precision for weapon control. The influence of weather phenomena is very large, which is why military radar sets are usually equipped with antennas with circular polarization. In this frequency range, most weather radars are also used for moderate climates.
+'''X (8-12 GHz) and Ku (12-18 GHz) ''/ NATO RF I- and J-band'''''
+Between 8 and 12 GHz, λ 37-25 mm and 12-18 GHz, λ 25-17 mm, the ratio of wavelength to antenna size has a more favorable value. With relatively small antennas, sufficient angular accuracy can be achieved, which favours military use as airborne radar. On the other hand, the antennas of missile control radar systems, which are very large relative to the wavelength, are still handy enough to be considered as deployable.
+This frequency band is mainly used in civil and military applications for maritime navigation radar systems. Small cheap and fast rotating antennas offer sufficient ranges with very good precision. The antennas can be constructed as simple slot radiators or patch antennas.
+This frequency band is also popular for space borne or airborne imaging radars based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) both for military electronic intelligence and civil geographic mapping. A special application of the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is the monitoring of the oceans to prevent environmental pollution.
+[[File:Hun-nasams2.jpg|thumb]]
+'''K (18-27 GHz) and Ka (27-40 GHz) ''/ NATO RF K-band'''''
+As the emitted frequency increases from 18 to 27 GHz, λ 17-11 mm and 27-40 GHz, λ 11-7.5 mm, the attenuation in the atmosphere increases but the possible accuracy and range resolution increases too. Large ranges can no longer be achieved. Radar applications in this frequency range are, for example, airfield surveillance radar, also known as Surface Movement Radar (SMR) or (as part of) Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE). With extremely short pulses of a few nanoseconds, an excellent range resolution is achieved so that the contours of aircraft and vehicles can be seen on the display.
+'''V (40-75 GHz) ''/ NATO RF L-band'''''
+Due to molecular scattering of the atmosphere the electromagnetic waves suffer a very strong attenuation. Radar applications are limited to a range of a few ten meters.
+'''W (75-110 GHz) ''/ NATO RF M-band'''''
+Two phenomena of atmospheric attenuation can be observed here. A maximum of attenuation at about 75 GHz and a relative minimum at about 96 GHz. Both frequencies are used practically. At about 75 to 76 GHz, short-range radar sets are used in automotive engineering as parking aids, brake assist systems and automatic accident avoidance. This high attenuation through molecular scattering (here through the oxygen molecule O<sub>2</sub>) prevents mutual interference through mass use of these radar sets.
+There are radar sets operating at 96 to 98 GHz as laboratory equipments yet. These applications give a preview for a use of radar in extremely higher frequencies as 100 GHz.
+'''D (110-170 GHz) and Y (170-260 GHz) ''/ NATO RF N- and O-band'''''
+In the 122 GHz range there is another ISM band for measurement applications. Since in high-frequency technology the Terahertz range is defined from 100 GHz = 0,1 THz to 300 GHz, the industry offers radar modules for this frequency range as “Terahertz radar”. These Terahertz radar modules are used, for example, in so-called full-body scanners. Full-body scanners take advantage of the fact that although these Terahertz frequencies can easily penetrate dry and non-conductive substances, they cannot penetrate the skin deeper than just a few millimeters due to the moisture of the human skin.
+'''Conclusion'''
+Of primary interest for the development of RWRC (Radar warning receiver control) technology is the C-band (NATO G/H-band, 4-8 GHz), where many military mobile radars (battlefield surveillance, weapons control and ground reconnaissance) with short and medium ranges traditionally operate. As passive radar technology evolves, using illumination on broadcast radio frequencies<ref>Wikipedia, [[wikipedia:Broadcast_band|Broadcast band]], [[wikipedia:Pan-American_television_frequencies#Terrestrial_television|Pan-American television frequencies]]</ref> and friendly or enemy radar illumination for frequencies in the NATO D-, E-, F-band (1-4 GHz), the existing technology will not require significant changes because it is initially based on the ultrawideband 2MHz - 8GHz (Ultrawideband, UWB).
+The use of the 8-40 GHz NATO I-, J-, K-band requires an upgrade or optional helmet-mounted modules to be connected to the device. The 25-60 GHz range of miniaturized sensors is developing very rapidly as these technologies are actively used in the automotive industry. We can envision various infantry, artillery, and light armored units using a low power pulsed irradiator mounted on a robot or drone that provides human-safe illumination in this range at a range of less than one nautical mile for all friendly forces operating in the area. This will allow us to have dozens or hundreds of mobile personal antennas in different localizations and recognize numerous metallic / water and animal objects, even small ones, and then use machine learning patterns to identify what is detected. This will include identifying friendly forces (on the IFF navigation grid) that are in radio silence (snipers, spotters, cavalry scouts, recon and cover forces).<gallery widths="238">
+File:Radar Sensors-1.png|Radar Sensors 12-60GHz
+File:Radar Sensors-2.png|Radar Sensors 25-60GHz
+File:Radar Sensors-3.png|Radar Sensors 25-60GHz
+File:Radar Sensors-4.png|Radar Sensors 25-60GHz
+</gallery>'''How it works'''
+Built-in SDRS function will scan and analyze RF bands in the range of 2 MHz to 8 GHz and thus detect the threat of radar exposure. A software-defined antenna (SDA) capable of interrogating the RF spectrum in the form of several beams simultaneously with a narrow radiation pattern in the form of a dome with high frequency and receiving radio wave at several reception points, fixing the detection angle (phase offsets). After that the triangulation calculation allows to localize the location of a metallic object that reflected the received wave. Several points of reflection from this object already allow to estimate its silhouette, and Doppler radar measure allows to estimate speed and direction of motion.
+ВСТАВИТЬ КАРТИНКУ ИНТЕРФЕЙСА
@@ Line 3,293: / Line 3,352: @@
 *in integration with a passive analog omnidirectional antenna tuned to the frequency bands of the radar allows you to detect the impulse signal of the radar
-*integrated with the IMSG and TSK app for fast response to threats
+*integrated with the [[Public:Applications#IMSG (Instant messaging system)|IMSG]] and [[Public:Applications#TSK (Tasks)|TSK]] app for fast response to threats
-*in integration with the ANTC - SDA app allows to use up to 24 beams of radio waves with different beam angles (deflection angle 16-2°), for primary detection, clarification and for amplifying the received radar signal
+*in integration with the [[Public:Applications#ANTC (Antennas control)|ANTC]] - [[Public:Applications#SDA (Software Defined Antenna)|SDA]] app allows to use up to 24 beams of radio waves with different beam angles (deflection angle 16-2°), for primary detection, clarification and for amplifying the received radar signal
-*in integration with the SDRS app allows to identify radar signals by the type of radio signal sources
+*in integration with the [[Public:Applications#SDRS (SDR Scan)|SDRS]] app allows to identify radar signals by the type of radio signal sources
-*in integration with the RDF app allows to dynamically calculate the distance, azimuth, elevation, speed and destination course of the detected radars
+*in integration with the [[Public:Applications#RDF (Radio direction finding control)|RDF]] app allows to dynamically calculate the distance, azimuth, elevation, speed and destination course of the detected radars
-*in integration with the IFF app allows to display on the navigation grid in different viewpoints of the radar on the plan, frontal and side sections
+*in integration with the [[Public:Applications#IFF (IFF control)|IFF]] app allows to display on the navigation grid in different viewpoints of the radar on the plan, frontal and side sections
-*in integration with the CMPS app, it helps to focus the line of sight on the detected radar (if it is in the field of view)
+*in integration with the [[Public:Applications#CMPS (Compass)|CMPS]] app, it helps to focus the line of sight on the detected radar (if it is in the field of view)
-*can be used as a complement to passive radar (PCSR) when enemy radars are used as an irradiator
+*can be used as a complement to passive radar ([[Public:Applications#PCSR (Passive covert radar control)|PCSR]]) when enemy radars are used as an irradiator
 *does not emit radiation during operation